Cellular angiofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm most commonly occurring in the vulvovaginal region in women and the inguinoscrotal region in men with specific genetic deletion involved in the RB1 gene in chromosome 13q14 region. Atypical cellular angiofibroma and cellular angiofibroma with sarcomatous transformation are recently described variants showing worrisome morphological features and strong, diffuse p16 expression. Nevertheless, the molecular profile of these tumor entities is largely unknown. We carried out a next generation sequencing (NGS) study from six cases of atypical cellular angiofibroma and cellular angiofibroma with sarcomatous transformation. We were able to identify oncogenic TP53 gene mutations (33%) which may contribute to pathogenesis also resulting in p16 overexpression. In addition, RB1 gene alterations generally present were identified. Since it is a recently described and rare entity, the whole molecular signaling pathway is still largely obscured and the analysis of larger cohorts is needed to elucidate this issue.

Introduction: IL-6 cytokine participates in the inflammatory process of systemic leishmaniasis and elevated levels are associated with active disease. Case reports: Three patients with different age groups and different severity scores, above 4 were reported, and IL-6 plasma concentrations and their association with disease severity were observed. Conclusion: Analysis suggests that only the score, has no sensitivity to classify, among others critically ill patients, those with imminent risk of death. IL-6 concentrations can allow this differentiation, considering that only fatal case, HBV/Leishmania coinfection, presented expressively higher level of the cytokine concentration.

Metastases may occur in early-stage or locally-advanced tumors in diverse locations. Nevertheless, the uterine cervix is an uncommon site for metastasis, since the majority of tumors in this organ is primary carcinomas or result from the direct extension of primary pelvic tumors. The objective of the current study was to report a clinical case considered rare in the literature, as well as discuss its implications and peculiarities. This case report describes a 57-year-old patient with lobular carcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix, >3 years after the termination of the left breast cancer treatment. A literature analysis confirmed that most cases presented with vaginal bleeding or abdominal discomfort, but many were asymptomatic. Common characteristics between the cases were the patient's age, the time period between primary tumor diagnosis and the emergence of metastatic lesions, treatment, medication, and signs/symptoms. Although rare, metastasis should be considered in women with a history of breast cancer, particularly when the complaint is abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Background: Sarcomas account for less than 1% of primary breast cancers, and breast angiosarcomas are responsible for only 0.05% of all breast malignancies. The male breast has the same potential for malignant transformation as the female breast. However, due to anatomical differences in the breast and the low incidence of angiosarcoma, it is difficult to determine how male breasts can be affected by this type of tumor

Case presentation: A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with a palpable lump in his right breast. Lymphadenopathy was negative. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass with partially defined contours, measuring 4.0 × 3.0 cm, with muscle infiltration. Histological examination revealed a malignant tumor. Radical mastectomy was then performed with clear surgical margins. The patient began chemotherapy with paclitaxel. Following the second cycle of chemotherapy, he presented with headache and seizures due to a frontal lobe metastasis. Twenty days after the onset of neurological symptoms, the patient died.

Conclusions: Primary angiosarcomas of the male breast are extremely rare. This is the sixth case published in the literature. It is in agreement with other studies in the literature concerning clinical presentation and poor prognosis. Treatment consists in surgical removal of the tumor with clear margins and without axillary lymphadenectomy

Objective: To evaluate the survival of a series of patients with Paget's disease of the breast.

Methods: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study. Data were collected through electronic medical records; the following variables were obtained age, tumor histology, tumor size, degree of differentiation, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, neural invasion, presence or not of potential involvement of axillary lymph nodes, immunohistochemical profile, treatments performed, recurrence, and follow-up.

Results: Of the 301 cases of assisted breast cancer, six patients were identified with Paget's disease of the breast. The overall survival, with a mean follow-up of 54 months, was 100%. All individuals are free of disease activity. The most common histochemical profile was negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and positive for HER-2/neu. Axillary and/or distal metastatic involvement was not identified.

Conclusions: Overall survival was 100%, with a mean follow-up of 54 months. This high rate is due to the absence of axillary and/or distal metastatic involvement in our series.

Context: The appearance of adenomas and their progression to adenocarcinomas is the result of an accumulation of genetic changes in cells of the intestinal mucosa inherited or acquired during life. Several proteins have been studied in relation to the development and progression of colorectal cancer, including tumor protein p53 (p53) and antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67). Objective - To evaluate the expression of p53 and Ki-67 in colorectal adenomas and correlate the observed levels with clinical and pathologic findings. Method - The sample consisted of 50 adenomatous polyps from patients undergoing colonoscopy. After performing polypectomy, polyps were preserved in a formalin solution with 10% (vol./vol.) phosphate buffer, submitted for routine preparation of sections and slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For each adenoma we then performed immunohistochemistry to detect specific p53 and Ki-67 proteins using a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase enzyme immunoassay.

Results: p53 was detected in 18% of the adenomas. The average Ki-67 protein index (i.Ki-67) was 0.49. A statistically significant difference was observed in p53 (P = 0.0003) and Ki-67 (P = 0.02) expression between adenomas with low- and high-grade dysplasia, particularly for p53. The expression of Ki-67 was greater in rectal adenomas than in colic adenomas (P = 0.02). No relationship was found between the expression of the two proteins in the sample. Conclusion - The p53 protein is expressed in a proportion of adenomas, while the Ki-67 protein was expressed in all adenomas. The expression of p53 was higher in adenomas with high-grade dysplasia. The expression of Ki-67 was higher in rectal adenomas and in adenomas with high-grade dysplasia.